Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

CCD radiation temperature measurement method for hot continuous casting billet surface

According to the present research status and existing problems of hot continuous billet surface temperature non contact measurement technology, a real time temperature measurement model, which combines two-color(R,G) and monochrome (B) of surface radiation image, is established. The surface image is collected through tricolor charge coupled device (CCD) sensor, at the same time, the temperature dynamic response range of CCD can be improved by controlling integrated time and setting different apertures. Through computer image process technology, multi-point temperature can be measured simultaneously, and 2-D temperature field distribution on continuous casting billet surface can be realized. It is be proved by theory and application that the model and method can provide a theory and technology support for realizing surface temperature field on-line measurement for continuous casting billet.     

Effect of cooling rate on high temperature mechanical properties of weathering steel

High temperature mechanical properties are key factors which affect fracture production during deforming process of continuous casting. High temperature properties of weathering steel Q450NQR1 are tested in 3 cooling rates (1.65, 5, 10 ℃/s) using Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. Specimens appear austenite dynamic recrystallization at 1 050 ℃, and the ductility reaches the lowest point and the reduction of area approaches 23% at 850 ℃ in 3 cooling rates. As the cooling rate increases, the low ductility area where cracks are easy to be produced in slabs is enlarged and extended towards low temperature, and the ductility troughs are deepened. The increase of the cooling rate decreases the tensile stress and yield stress, while when the cooling rate increases to some degree, it doesn’t affect the stress. The low cooling rate decreases the film or network ferrite producing in austenite grain boundary, and the carbonitride of microalloy is enwrapped in matrix, which is helpful to improve the ductility of steel.     

Development of HRB500E seismic grade rebars by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process

In order to reduce the production cost of HRB500E seismic grade rebars, promote its production and application, HRB500E seismic grade rebars are developed by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process in domestic steel plant. The mechanism and effect of precipitation strengthening and fine-grain strengthening, the relationship between termination temperature after controlled cooling and mechanical properties of rebars, microstructure, welding and aging properties, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties for rebars are researched by using metallographic microscopy, scaning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction apparatus, flash-butt welding, materials testing machine and mechanical properties testing. The results show that V(C,N) precipitation amount accounts for 66.67% of the total amount of vanadium by adding VN alloy in liquid steel, effect of microalloy precipitation strengthening is remarkable; when termination temperature after controlled cooling is controlled at 680～710 ℃, the amount of strength surplus for rebars is more than 25 MPa, R m/ R eL ratio is greater than 1.26, uniform elongation ( A gt) is more than or equal to 11.5%, good effect of fine grain strengthening and seismic performance are obtained; rebars have some good features such as low strain aging, good welding performance, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties; compared with VN microalloyed and hot-rolled process,the production cost is reduced by RMB 82 Yuan/t, and economic benefit is obvious.     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

温度与回流量对含酚废水厌氧处理的影响

采用厌氧膨胀床反应器处理含酚有机废水，在中温条件（３０℃）下达到稳定状态。温度降到１５℃，处理效率明显下降；２０℃时影响很小；２３℃时有机物去除率、沼气产率与３０℃时持平，增加回流量对提高处理效率作用不大。结果表明，该工艺在常温和低回流量条件下运行依然有效，并且可以保持较高净产能量。     

超甜玉米周年性生产性能及适宜播种期研究

通过 16个月的周年性生产试验表明 ,在广州地区 ,超甜玉米的最适宜播种期为 2月下旬至4月上旬和 8月中下旬 ,且春播鲜穗产量高于秋播 ;在其它时期可以播种 ,但经济产量较低 ;超甜玉米的鲜穗收获期一般是吐丝后 2 6d左右 ;用抽雄到鲜穗收获期的有效积温 (≥ 10℃ )作为超甜玉米鲜穗收获期的标准要比单纯使用持续时间更为准确、科学 ,相应的有效积温为 370℃左右 .     

抗寒剂包膜对超甜玉米低温逆境下生理生化变化的影响

试验以玉米sh2胚乳突变体(特甜1号和增甜2号)为材料,研究了低温逆境下A、B 2种抗寒剂包膜超甜玉米种子对其生理生化变化的影响.结果表明,低温逆境下2种抗寒剂均显著提高了特甜1号种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、壮苗率和幼苗素质.增甜2号2种抗寒剂处理的发芽率和壮苗率均与对照无显著差异.2个品种2种抗寒剂处理的苗高均显著高于对照,而根长均显著短于对照.低温逆境结束后,增甜2号2种抗寒剂处理的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶均显著高于对照,2个品种质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量均显著低于对照.与低温逆境前比,恢复生长3 d后,2个品种2种抗寒剂处理的叶绿素含量增加幅度均比对照大.低温逆境后,2个品种脯氨酸含量提高;恢复生长3 d后含量下降,但抗寒剂处理均显著低于对照并接近低温逆境前的水平.     

透明膜覆盖土壤太阳能消毒及其对大白菜生长的影响

为了了解覆盖透明膜对土壤的增温和消毒效果,以土壤无覆膜处理为对照,研究了陕西关中地区利用透明膜覆盖进行土壤太阳能消毒期间的温度变化,及对消毒土壤上生长的4个大白菜品种产量和发病率的影响。结果表明,覆膜处理的地表及地下5,10,15和20 cm的最高温度分别可达62.95,54.05,48.05,42.1和40.7℃,与对照相比,平均温度最大差值分别为12.37,10.43,9.46,7.62和7.87℃,即随土壤深度增加,覆膜处理的增温效果下降;就温度持续时间而言,在处理的30 d内,处理与对照温度超过40℃的时间有极大差异,覆盖使地下5,10,15和20 cm处在15:00超过40℃的时间分别为18,14,1和1 d,在19:00分别为15,12,4和1 d,而对照均为0 d;覆膜使土壤日温差加大,晴天尤为显著,并随土层深度增加日温差递减,晴天15:00时,覆膜土壤地表及地下5,10,15和20 cm处的温度分别为对照平均温度的1.41,1.40,1.31,1.23和1.29倍。消毒效果表明,处理田块生长的02杂64、北京桔红心、春晓和秦白二号4个大白菜品种生长势明显增强,毛菜产量较对照高(春晓除外),炭疽病发生率较对照显著降低,降幅达32.3%~71.1%。     

苹果不同施#+（10）B量与施#+（10）B期对硼吸收和运转习性的研究

 用丰度为93.3%的H#+（10）#-3BO#-3于1991年秋施2.0mgB·kg#+（-1）土以及1992年春分别施B2.0、1.2和0.8mg·kg#+（-1）土。在主要物候期测细根、果实（或花）、短枝大叶、果台副梢叶、土壤（有效硼）的全硼与Bdff%，结果表明：1.秋施#+（10）B，翌年土壤的有效硼与Bdff%低于相同剂量春施#+（10）B，花与短枝大叶的Bdff%在开花期比春施高8～10倍，春施#+（10）B主要积累在根中。2.随着施#+（10）B量增加，细根中全硼与Bdff%增加，但不成比例；施1.2 mg·kg#-（-1）与2.0 mg·kg#-（-1）的地上部器官差异不明显,由开花期转至新梢旺长期，细根中的Bdff%约下降40%,而幼果提高5～7倍。3.土壤中有效硼与Bdff%随施#+（10）B量增加而提高,随时间推移而下降。